编译安装gcc8

  1. 下载源代码, 并解压。

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    wget ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/gcc/releases/gcc-8.3.0/gcc-8.3.0.tar.gz
tar -xvf gcc-8.3.0.tar.gz

  2. 安装相关依赖

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    cd gcc-8.3.0
./contrib/download_prerequisites
sudo apt install texinfo bison flex

  3. 编译

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    mkdir build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc --enable-bootstrap  --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
#4是我机器的cpu核心数
make -j4

  4. 编译安装并配置环境变量

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    sudo make install
echo "PATH=/usr/local/gcc/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

  5. 查看版本

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    gcc -v

编译安装python3.7

  1. 安装相关依赖

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    sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget

  2. 下载源码并解压

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    wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tgz
tar -xvf Python-3.7.3.tgz

  3. 编译安装

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    # 如果编译安装了gcc就要使用下面的export, debian8版本需要
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/gcc/lib/:/usr/local/gcc/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
cd Python-3.7.1
./configure --enable-optimizations
make -j 4
# 不会直接覆盖原来的python3版本
sudo make altinstall

  4. 新建软链接, 使系统默认使用python3

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    rm /usr/local/bin/pip
rm /usr/local/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/local/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip

注意

  1. 开启–enable-optimizations时编译会报下面错误SystemError: <built-in function compile> returned NULL without setting an error, 如果是debian8的话, 由于gcc版本太低导致的。所以要编译安装gcc8
  2. pip安装软件时报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes', 这个问题主要是要安装libffi-dev依赖，如果没有安装的话，要先安装，再重新编译安装一次python.

参考

  1. Building Python 3.7 from source on Ubuntu and Debian Linux
  2. Ubuntu16.04 编译安装gcc8.2.0
  3. SystemError: returned NULL without setting an error
  4. How to Install Python 3.7 on Debian 9